Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Adulto , Betacoronavirus , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidad , COVID-19 , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2 , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The emergence of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) began a series of unparalleled changes in health care systems worldwide. In the United States, the rapid evolution of the epidemic poses unprecedented challenges to hospitals, medical staff, training programs, policy makers, and professional societies1. For cardiology, COVID-19 brings substantial changes to the way we conceptualize and practice medicine. As others have observed, the abrupt change of our routines and priorities offers us the opportunity for reinvention; in this space, we can critically examine several facets of our profession. In this perspective, we discuss key questions resonating in the cardiology community in the midst of the epidemic. The discussion is structured around three domains: clinical practice, education and training, and professional values. We describe the immediate ramifications and potential long-term impact of COVID-19 on each domain.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/mortalidad , Humanos , Pandemias , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A , Neumonía Viral/mortalidad , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To confirm whether a relationship exists between male sex and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality and whether this relationship is age dependent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We queried the COVID-19 Research Network, a multinational database using the TriNetX network, to identify patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The main end point of the study was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 14,712 patients were included, of whom 6387 (43%) were men. Men were older (mean age, 55.0±17.7 years vs 51.1±17.9 years; P<.001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, obstructive pulmonary disease, nicotine dependence, and heart failure but a lower prevalence of obesity. Before propensity score matching (PSM), all-cause mortality rate was 8.8% in men and 4.3% in women (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.87 to 2.46; P<.001) at a median follow-up duration of 34 and 32 days, respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative probability of survival was significantly lower in men than in women (73% vs 86%; log-rank, P<.001). After PSM, all-cause mortality remained significantly higher in men than in women (8.13% vs 4.60%; odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.55 to 2.11; P<.001). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative probability of survival remained significantly lower in men than in women (74% vs 86%; log-rank, P<.001). The cumulative probability of survival remained significantly lower in propensity score-matched men than in women after excluding patients younger than 50 years and those who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker medications on admission. CONCLUSION: Among patients with COVID-19 infection, men had a significantly higher mortality than did women, and this difference was not completely explained by the higher prevalence of comorbidities in men.